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THE WORLD

Bum Rap(Alternative link)
An excellent essay (from Canada, but of universal relevance) challenging some of the simplistic myths and disingenuous sermonising put about by the anti-spanking brigade. It questions how violence in society can be attributed to spanking when there was more spanking in the past, but less violence than now: 'Even without a PhD in sociology, the average person, using his common sense, should be suspicious of studies that claim spanking increases societal violence'. The author also pulls to bits the methodology of much 'research' purporting to show that spanking is harmful.

Words from Diana Baumrind on corporal punishment
Contributions from paediatricians to the parental spanking debate. It emerges that the hugely-publicised 'research' of Dr Murray Straus and others, purporting to show that spanking is detrimental, is 'based on little more than statistical quicksand and methodological thin ice'. Other studies have come to diametrically opposite conclusions, but did not get any publicity. Required reading for anyone campaigning to retain parental spanking. Also highly relevant to any efforts to counter half-baked 'political correctness' in general. See also this September 2001 news item.

Chastise With Love
Formerly 'Spank With Love'. Aimed at parents who spank, or are wondering whether to do so or not, suggesting how to avoid doing it abusively. Refreshingly level-headed, commonsense, undogmatic, entirely non-religious. Useful too for references to many articles and books on domestic discipline, from a wide variety of points of view (see the References and Links page). As a light-hearted aside, there is an illustrated page of spanking poems, some of which were new to me. Also quite novel is the page How can I get my parents to spank me?, for teenagers who no longer, or never did, get spanked but feel that they should be.

The Evolution of Childrearing
Chapter 8 of 'The Emotional Life of Nations', a vast 'psychohistory' by one Lloyd deMause. He may well be responsible for the currently fashionable notion that almost everything that anyone might do or say probably constitutes 'abuse' of some kind. In his desperately bleak world view, adults in all cultures have been abusing children to a massive and unimaginable degree since the dawn of time. He uses a barrage of highly selective quotations from a myriad disparate sources to put the worst possible interpretation on everything. All quite extraordinary, and very hard to take seriously. See the section on 'The history of child beating' and its two illustrations, 'Mother beating her child' and 'Child being beaten by teacher'.

AUSTRALIA

McClelland smuggles UN rights standards in the back door
A law professor writing in The Australian (June 2010) is alarmed at the vague wording of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which does not ban corporal punishment but which some have chosen to interpret as if it did, such as committees of 'overseas experts' who 'were wholly undemocratically chosen', some of them from 'countries you wouldn't take any moral advice from if your life depended on it'. Australia is in danger of outsourcing its human-rights law to these people without realising it, he says.

Corporal punishment is not all bad(Alternative link)
Dr Barry Maley, a 'Senior Fellow' at the right-wing Centre for Independent Studies, puts forward some philosophical thoughts about parental spanking.

CANADA

Claims and Research
The Keep 43 Committee, set up to oppose proposals to ban domestic spanking in Canada, sets out the evidence-based scientific case for moderate parental punishment.

To Spank or Not to Spank
What do you think about parents having the right to spank their children?
Article in the Canadian edition of Reader's Digest (April 2000), and a long page of hundreds of messages discussing the issue.

To Spank or Not to Spank
The Canada Family Action Coalition attacks (July 2001) the authorities for taking children away from their parents in the Aylmer 'Church of God' case. It should not be up to bureaucrats to decide whether parents can spank their children. The document's author grew up in Switzerland and says kids there were birched by their parents on their bare bottoms. It is not clear what period we are talking about here.

Scripture, Spanking and the State
A Canadian Christian website wrestles with the spanking issue.

Section 43 Inquiry Debate Adjourned
1996 speech in the Senate on repealing Section 43, which allows parents to use reasonable corporal punishment. This has been overtaken by events: the Canadian Supreme Court in January 2004 upheld this law, but clarified what constitutes 'reasonable' to make it, in effect, more restrictive.

Anti-Spanking Extremists Turn Up The Heat
Suggests that those campaigning in Canada against Section 43 are a tiny, unrepresentative group.

CUBA

Luis Rodriguez Ricardo: 'El Estudiante'
A Cuban painting called 'The Spanking' featuring a small boy getting a pants-down slippering.

EUROPE IN GENERAL

Euromyths: EU court may ban smacking
The European Union wearily tries to point out that the European Convention on Human Rights, and its associated Court, has nothing to do with the EU, contrary to what ill-informed journalists may write. (Actually, in one indirect sense this is not quite as true as it once was: although the Convention dates from before the EU was even thought of, and its machinery is entirely independent of the EU institutions, compliance with it is nowadays made one of the conditions for the accession of new EU member states.)
 Matters are made particularly confusing by the fact that the EU does have a court, whose task is the enforcement of EU law -- the European Court of Justice, based in Luxembourg -- which is a completely different entity from the European Court of Human Rights, based in Strasbourg. It remains the case that such matters as corporal punishment form no part of EU law.

FRANCE

Gluttons for punishment
A French writer on the Guardian blog discusses a survey showing that an overwhelming majority of three generations in France have been spanked, are spanking their children or will be spanking their children at some point in the future. However, the martinet is falling out of use, she says.

Faut-il interdire la fessée?
Prohibée dans nombre de pays européens, la fessée reste en vigueur en France. Des psychologues et des médecins entendent la combattre. Reportage de L'Express de Paris (août 2001).

GERMANY

Krover Nacktarsch wine labels
Bottle labels for a German Mosel wine showing jokey drawings of a small boy being spanked by the Kellermeister for drinking the wine and getting drunk. Nacktarsch actually means 'bare bottom'. There have been many different versions of the label over the decades.

GREECE

US State Department human rights report on Greece, 2001
This cites research showing that parental spanking in Greece is socially acceptable, or at least it was in 2001. (I have the subjective impression that that goes for southern Europe as a whole.)

The Schoolboys of Athens
In Ancient Athens, after a boy turned seven, all floggings were to come from male hands and there would be many of them, according to this text dating from 1910.

IRELAND

The Geldof Story
Rock star Bob Geldof was caned by his father, according to this.

NETHERLANDS

Standing Is Better!
Supposedly a blog by two Dutch teen boys who got spanked and paddled. Very amusing, but it all seems a bit unlikely to me. I think it's probably a fantasy or a hoax.

NEW ZEALAND

Spare the rod and spoil the child
Press release (May 2005) by a Christian group attacks the 'anti-family' government and its 'loony left' desire to introduce an anti-smacking law.

The Politically Incorrect Show - 16/02/2001
Pours scorn on New Zealand proposal to outlaw parental spanking.

Punishing Smacking
Press release from New Zealand's Liberal Party opposing proposals to ban parents from smacking their kids. These ideas, it says, are based on 'dud science and dishonest rhetoric'.

Joint Methodist Presbyterian Public Questions Committee 1994: Corporal punishment
Looks at parental spanking in New Zealand from a religious point of view.

Disciplining God's Way
Spanking defended from a Christian viewpoint in New Zealand.

SAMOA

Human Rights Practices for 2005: Samoa
The US State Department reports that the corporal punishment of children is tolerated in Samoan homes.

SINGAPORENew!

Cane/Rattan 100% Natural
Buy your punishment canes here, from 9 Singapore dollars for a pack of ten. Available in four widths and two lengths.

SPAIN

Camarilla (Spanish)
In Spain this was the room in which boys were flogged, according to Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898).

SWEDEN

Where is Evidence That Non-Abusive Corporal Punishment Increases Aggression?
Quotes studies showing that the prohibition of parental spanking in Sweden has had exactly the opposite effect to that intended -- the level of 'child abuse', violence and aggression has soared.

Child Abuse in Sweden
More on the above.

SWITZERLAND

Heidi and Peter
Article about a Swiss children's film made in 1955. This still from the film (right) is captioned 'Grandfather prepares Peter for corporal punishment!'. Maybe this tells us something about domestic CP in rural Switzerland in real life 60 years ago. Or maybe not.

UNITED KINGDOM

Punishing parents
Essay (2004) by academic Frank Furedi attacking then-new legislation in the UK that seeks to restrict parental smacking. He points out that many advocates of a total ban on physical punishment are actually against all forms of punishing children. He sees the underlying agenda as an anti-parent crusade, and adds that the much-cited Murray Straus 'research' is far less clear-cut than the claims made on its behalf by 'anti-smacking zealots' like the egregious Penelope Leach. It's refreshing to have a member of the intelligentsia saying these things.

The Beano
A Cardiff newspaper attempts (Jan 2005) to put a Welsh gloss on the legendary weekly boys' comic, which of course was equally popular in England and actually published in Scotland. Refers to Dennis the Menace -- a strip launched in 1951, it says here; I'd always assumed it dated from the 1930s -- and the 'inevitable slippering from Dad' that usually came in the last panel. The writer of this piece, who is no doubt too young to know, seems to think the Beano's heyday was the 1970s; I'd say it was at least 20 years earlier than that.

Nooks and crannies
Still on the subject of the Beano (see previous item), a letterwriter to the London Guardian found some old copies of it in the attic and expresses amazement at the amount of parental slippering shown. Was the slipper, she asks, really used so commonly in UK homes, and, if so, was the Beano responsible or was it just reflecting society at the time? Dozens of readers reply, personal reminiscences à l'appui, that the answers are 'yes' and 'the latter', respectively.

Corporal Punishment (September 98)
Part of a site called 'The Underwater Crypt', whose author makes a point of questioning conventional wisdoms. He pokes some fun at the currently fashionable 'experts'. At the bottom of the page is a nice animated cartoon (with sound!) 'to annoy the politically correct' and also a Dennis the Menace slippering scene. He later added a wise footnote on the campaign to ban parental CP in the UK.

Smacking: orientations, situations and justifications
Part of a research paper, Disciplining children: Research with parents in Scotland, published by the Scottish government. 'Smacking' is UK-speak for spanking, more or less. Most parents are ambivalent, with support greater amongst the working class.

Discipline: to spank or not to spank?
A website devoted to Home Education in the UK attempts to reconcile polarised views. 'Each extreme has caricatured ideas of the other' and meanwhile most ordinary parents, who don't support either extreme, are ignored.

For Consideration & Prayer
'Friends and Family', a Christian group in the UK, calls on child welfare groups 'to concentrate on working with damaged children and not to trivialise the real abuse of these children by equating it with smacking in the context of a normal loving family setting'.

Right to Smack? A Christian Defence of Corporal Punishment
Christian Discipline in the Home
Documents from the Northern Ireland 'Society for the Promotion of Reformation in Government', an extremist Presbyterian group, which tells us that 'the administration of corporal punishment is a definite Christian duty'.

'Safety valve' effect of spanking
Weak evidence for a smacking ban
Discussion in a medical journal (2011) about child discipline.

Uce Se S Nami Anglicky, Programme 91: Corporal Punishment
An English lesson in the BBC Czech Service, focusing on the controversy about parental spanking in the UK.

UNITED STATES

Make Kids Great AgainNew!
Picture of paddles bearing this slogan, apparently available for family use.

Spanking, Ethnicity, Gender, and Religion: The Development of a Spanking ScaleNew!
Academic paper (2017) about measuring attitudes to parental CP.

Authors Of Spanking Study Deserve One Of Their Own
The American Council on Science and Health pulls to pieces a University of Michigan study (2017) purporting to show that spanking 'can lead to a host of mental health problems in adulthood'. Correlation does not mean causation, otherwise one might just as well 'conclude that moving to Florida makes people develop Alzheimer's'.

Research on Disciplinary Spanking is Misleading(New URL)
In similar vein, this is from the American College of Pediatricians.

Should America Constitutionalize The Spanking of Children?
Parental spankings in Kansas are recalled.

The Bridge: A Return to Tough Love
A black columnist says permissiveness has gone too far, and maintains that 'ass-beatings saved my life'.

Getting Spanked, and Cared For(Alternative link)
Transcript of a short talk on National Public Radio by Youth Radio's Brandon McFarland, who recalls getting the belt from his father.

In Defense of Spanking: What Every Parent Should Know About Corporal Punishment
An educator, psychologist and father of three, Paul J. Preston, presents a whole website of several pages explaining why spanking is needed and countering the views of the anti-spank 'experts'. As he says, 'we have allowed the anti-spanking movement to shape the debate', and it is time for parents to fight back. He makes commonsense suggestions about how and when to spank. Refreshingly, all this is based on pragmatic considerations, not religious ones, and he also doesn't exclude spanking older teens when they need it.

Spanking mad
Long and thorough article in Salon.com (Feb 2007) prompted by the failed attempt to ban domestic CP in California. When, the author wonders, did a swat on the bum become child abuse?

Use the Rod, Spoil the Child
Is corporal punishment the proper way to nurture moral character? No, says this article in Sojourners Magazine (April 2005).

Archie Sunday: A Heartwarming Tale of Corporal Punishment
A comic strip about a boy whose father spanks him with a hairbrush.

On not sparing the rod
A Christian viewpoint on the merits of spanking for young children.

Bob Surgenor videos
Ohio's indefatigable pro-spanking campaigner presents a whole string of video clips.

Woodshed
Definitions at the Urban Dictionary. See definitions 4 and 6.

Parenting and Home Discipline
Somewhat rambling article, from a Nigerian Christian point of view (1999). The author is 'a firm believer in the use of spanking as a disciplinary measure'.

Joe Kelley's The Sake Of Argument: It Doesn't Take A Village
A blogger comments on this Nov 2003 news story about a Connecticut minister who spanked two boys at their widowed mother's request. The minister was acquitted of assault. The writer agrees with the jury.

Bob Jennings' World o' Racing
This page about motor racing mentions, apropos of nothing in particular, that racing driver Jack Hewitt was seen spanking his young son in the pits in 1986. The author opines that if he did that now he would be arrested.

Mock Trial Exercises: Paddling Spanky
A mock trial exercise for students, from the New Jersey State Bar Foundation. It uses a purely fictional (and rather far-fetched) case of parental CP to consider some of the legal issues.

Everybody Can Get Chris
National Review Online article (Sep 2005) about Chris Rock, the inspiration for a TV comedy show called Everybody Hates Chris, mentions his mother's 'relentlessly pro-spanking philosophy'.

Discipline, not spanking, is the issue
Syndicated article (May 2006) by John Rosemond, something of a bète noir of the no-spank people. He claims to have been misunderstood, and that he's not really all that much in favour of parental spanking after all. In particular, he thinks biblical references to 'the rod' were only ever meant metaphorically, and should not be taken to mean CP specifically. He just doesn't believe it's an area where the government should interfere.

Boy getting spanked, kids looking on
Here you can buy a painting of this title from 1914 by Angus Peter MacDonall.

Spare the quarter-inch plumbing supply line, spoil the child
Extremely long article in Salon.com (May 2006) looks at controversy within Christianity over parental spanking in the USA.

Labor laws and personal beliefs collide
An illustrated piece from the Seattle Times (July 2004) about a Christian fundamentalist who employs his sons, aged 12 and 15 (pictured), in his construction business. The state does not approve. He's also been in trouble over corporal punishment when he was running a homeless shelter, so presumably these boys got their fair share of spankings.

The ABCs of Liberal 'Journalism'
A spokesman for something called the 'Culture & Family Institute', evidently yet another right-wing thinktank, berates (May 2005) the mainstream media for their anti-spanking bias.

Spare the Rod? New Research Challenges Spanking Critics(New URL)
1996 paper by the Family Research Council points out that many 'studies' fail to distinguish between 'appropriate spanking' and 'kicking, punching and beating' and thus arrive the false conclusion that all disciplinary spanking is harmful.

Anti-Spanking Zealots Need a TimeoutNew!
A more recent (2009) note from the Family Research Council (see previous item). 'The study explicitly lumps together words like 'spank,' 'slap,' 'beat,' 'punch,' and 'whip,' treating them as if they are all the same thing.'

Naughty Kids Discipline Equipment
Naughty Kids Punishment Pants
Naughty Kids Punishment Clothing
Naughty Kids Punishment Stickers and Badges
Here you can order clothing, e.g. underpants with 'please remove before spanking' on the back; stickers and badges ('This Naughty Child has been Spanked over Mummy's Knee'); implements (e.g. hairbrush with 'spanked boy' logo); and, best of all, 'Punishment Pants for Boys', with miniature electrodes sewn into them. 'With Johnny dressed in a pair of Punishment Pants, mummy can simply deliver a spank to the boy's bare bottom at the touch of a button'. P.S. it's all a joke -- I think. As someone remarked in the site's Guest Book (now disappeared), this should get the humourless anti-spanking brigade wonderfully riled up.

Parents, Politics And The Breakdown Of The Family
Article (July 2005) by a novelist, Timothy Stelly, who argues that children need fathers to be around, as well as mothers, and they also need discipline. He claims that children from fatherless homes are '20 times more likely to have behavioral issues' and cites an amazing statistic (which I haven't been able to check) that 85% of all youths in prison grew up in a fatherless home. The anti-spanking law in Sweden is described as a failed experiment.

Fellowship Baptist Church: Rebellion
'God designed chastisement as the proper force to be used by parents to control the rebellion of their children', according to this Texas-based outfit. The document goes into detail about exactly how to do the chastising, including the dimensions of different sizes of dowel rods for different ages of children. You are recommended to stop in between each set of three swats to 'give the child a chance to surrender'.

Old Order Mennonites
The Mennonites in question are German-speaking, fundamentalist Protestants living in rural New York State who routinely use corporal punishment on their children. This is a review of a book about them, raising questions about whether the public authorities should leave them to carry on their lives as they see fit, or attempt by force to bring them into line with what is currently deemed to be fashionable in 'modern America'.

Parenting: Discipline
A thread on a message board called The Cellar tackles the subject of parental spanking. There are the usual wildly conflicting and mostly drearily familiar opinions (many of them half-baked and badly expressed), and the usual complete failure to arrive at any consensus. There seem to be discussions like this on hundreds of message boards out there. Do they serve any useful purpose? Who can be bothered to plough through all this stuff?

Corporal punishment
A thread (2004) on a message board for Nigerians in America. Most of the contributors extol the merits of the 'ass whippings' they got back home in Africa, and take a dim view of American kids' out-of-control behavior which results (in their view) from a currently fashionable reluctance to spank.

How To Handle Visits From Social Service Agents
Primarily aimed at US Christian families who are home-schooling, this page explains what to do if so-called 'social workers' start persecuting you for spanking your children.

Christian crusaders go to battle over spanking
Feb 2005 news item from the San Francisco Chronicle about disagreements within Christianity over CP for kids, sparked by advertisements selling 'The Rod', a 22-inch nylon whipping stick, 'the ideal tool for child training'.

The Wal-Mart Special, by Melinda Ruley
Amusing essay from The Independent Weekly of North Carolina (May 2001) on how to go about spanking your kids in the supermarket.

Mother irate at spanking claim
News from Wyoming (July 2004) about a boy who claimed a neighbour spanked him in the street, which the neighbour plausibly denies. Looks like a stupid fuss about nothing by the typically overindulgent, self-obsessed mother of a lying, whiny brat.

Who supports the Christian anti-communism crusade?
This is from 1971. A Dallas mother writes that after her nine-year-old son broke a neighbor's window with a slingshot, 'his caboose stayed red for quite some time'.

Listen to Your Mother: Native American Thoughts on Mother Earth on Mother's Day
I've read elsewhere that many Native Americans have never used CP on their children, but according to this the Micmacs have a switch hanging on the wall as a warning against naughtiness, and sometimes it might get used.

Jesus Christ suffered, crucified, buried
More religion. It's astonishing how much of this kind of stuff there is out there. Anyway, about three quarters of the way down the page, the author describes receiving trousers-down spankings from his father.

Survey Finds Nearly All Parents Yell at Their Kids But Harsh Words Are Unnecessary
According to this research, more than half of youths in their early teens who had been spanked as young children were still being spanked an average of eight times a year.

Christian History Corner: To Spank or Not to Spank?
Article in Christianity Today. A 6th-century abbot and a group of 17th-century Calvinist 'divines' weigh in on the issue.

State Director of DPS urges call to service
The Director of the Missouri Department of Public Safety urges parents to spank their children.

The Sons of Murphy Brown: Wimps and Barbarians
Long Kulturkampf essay (2003) on the lamentable state of modern American boys brought about by currently fashionable styles of upbringing. Part of the problem, the author suggests, is that they never get spanked, though there is a great deal more to it than that, to do with the need to rediscover the concept of manliness. An unexpectedly cultured and literate piece, in places quite persuasive, though I doubt if many people these days think that men should hold doors open for women just because they are women. Oddly, the author turns out to be the principal of a private school that doesn't use CP.

Spare the Rod, Spoil the Coasts
The Hoover Institution notes (1998) that support for CP in the USA is strongest in the 'heartland' (especially in the South, but also the mid-West). Opponents are to be found mainly in California and the North-east. Much as one would expect, in fact.

Woman Sentenced for Child Abuse
Depressing Florida case from July 2003. The accused had beaten her children with a variety of objects. 'When a parent uses an object to spank a child it qualifies as abuse', a self-appointed 'expert' told the court. Quite how the four kids were going to be helped by putting their mother in prison for four years -- rather than, for instance, working with her to improve her parenting techniques -- isn't explained.

Facing the Wave: Beyond Notions of Shelter
Scroll down to May 11, 2000. Somebody or other reminisces about parental spankings. The anticipation was always worse than the actual spanking.

The sad ballad of Bing and his boys
Unhappy story of the lives of Bing Crosby's offspring. He whipped his sons (or so one of them alleges) on their bare backsides with a studded belt and, later, a cane, until they bled. This went on until they were 18.

The Definitive Crosby Biography
San Francisco Chronicle review of a biography of Bing, 'the only major figure in popular music who had a classical education' (at Gonzaga, a strict Jesuit high school). He was much nicer than you think, according to this, and it appears the CP allegations may have been exaggerated. Also, the author has found magazine articles from the 1950s in which Crosby said how much he regretted hitting his kids. Either way, none of it seems to have done them much good -- they all ended up as drunken wastrels, and two of them committed suicide.

Use Lovingly and Never in Anger
Ordering a Paddle
Why Bother?
Order your free spanking paddle here. See also this December 2002 news item. The site also has an extensive message board.

Old Fashioned Spanking
From the American Family Rights Association, a robust attack on the 'New Age, politically correct anti-spanking crowd' and their 'completely failed experiment in social engineering'.

Child Training and Discipline
Common-sense instructions from Pastor Arthur F. Kohl.

Love Or Abuse
A poem in defence of spanking.

Getting The Belt: The Politically Correct Spanking of the Future
A bible-based essay suggesting that a return to the use of the belt in the home will actually decrease the incidence of child abuse.

Ferndale Baptist Church: Statement of Faith [PDF]
A church in South Carolina reminds parents that they are responsible for applying 'scriptural corporal correction' to their children.

The Plain Truth About Child Rearing, by Garner Ted Armstrong: Chapter Five - 'How to Get Results'
Garner Ted Armstrong! Goodness me, I remember his fundamentalist religious rantings on the radio 60 years ago. Here, for what it's worth, he tells us what to do and what not to do in the spanking of small children.

Embarrassing College 1966
A former victim of Garner Ted Armstrong's World Wide Church of God (see previous item) writes that he was still getting pants-down spankings, up to three times a day, at age 18.

Women's Dress Ruling, by Herbert W. Armstrong [PDF]
More unintentional hilarity from the World Wide Church of God (see previous two items). In this article from 1962, Armstrong père delivers himself of the view that any girl or woman wearing a short, tight skirt needs 'a sound spanking of what she so brazenly displays'.

Appreciating The Ultimate Dad
Scroll down to Section II, 'A father's discipline', in this article from the Davis Chinese Christian Church of California.

Sitting in jail for spanking
Article (Nov 2002) in the Las Vegas Review-Journal about parents being persecuted by 'social workers' for spanking their own kids.

'The Spanking'
The author of a blog describes a belting he received at the hands of his father.

The Loving Art of Spanking
Detailed instructions for religious parents.

Clothing and Costumes Worn by Child Actors: H
See under Howard, Ron, US child actor of the 1960s. He recalls being spanked by his father 'right there on the set' of the Andy Griffith Show.

The Resistant Child
Website for parents who educate their children at home. This particular page advocates giving 'three very hard whacks on the bottom with a paddle'.

Spanking: A black mother's view
1998 article in Salon.com. 'This not-spanking thing is for white folks.'

To spank or not to spank(Alternative link)
Another Salon article (1998). A husband from the 'working class' (US definition) squares off with his gently bred wife.

Training for Self-discipline and Self-restraint
Chapter 13 of an online book called 'The Bible's Way to Victory over ADHD and Other Childhood Challenges'. This challenges the illogicality of the anti-spankers who declare that CP leads to violence. If that were true, say the authors, 'the first half of the twentieth century should have been a hellish period of violent crime', since most kids got spanked in those days.

No Fear: A Police Officer's Perspective
Blurb for a book by an Ohio policeman who argues for a return to domestic spanking.

Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)
Detailed synopsis of the James Cagney film in which a cocky boy actor is spanked by his father (see second page).

Combining Love and Limits in Authoritative Parenting: A Conditional Sequence Model of Disciplinary Responses
A long academic paper on the 'Parenthood in America' website. The author shows that a combination of reasoning and punishment is more effective with small children than either one alone, and that the punishment element may be physical if necessary.

Spare the Rod ... And Spare the Sarcasm
Long article from the Berkeley, Calif. Express about a failed attempt to make Oakland, a town in California, a no-spanking zone. See also this January 1999 news item and its follows-up.

To Spank or Not To Spank? Why - When - How
More parental advice from a Christian point of view. Begins with a nice story about a boy who complained to his dad that he wasn't spanking him hard enough.

Corporal punishment of children (Spanking)
From the 'Religious tolerance' website, this purports to be a summary of the case for and against parental spanking, but seems heavily biased towards the anti-spanking side of the argument.

Bill of Rights for Religious Communities and Their Members
A proposed voluntary contract for those quirky religious communes that live in their own little world separate from everybody else. There are guidelines for the use of corporal punishment (see under 'Right to Moderation and Common Sense in the Administration of Discipline').

Social change and trends in approval of corporal punishment by parents from 1968 to 1994 [PDF] (New URL)
This is by Dr Murray Straus. It's mainly about the smacking of toddlers, which in my view is at best only on the margins of 'corporal punishment', and arguably has nothing to do with corporal punishment at all, as properly defined; but it generated a lot of publicity about spanking generally. Some of the background discussion covers social attitudes to CP in a wider context.

Go find me a switch you little lawmaker
Columnist in a Honolulu newspaper (March 1996) has a go at the Hawaii legislature for trying to ban spanking in the home. The problem, in his view, is not that there is too much spanking, but that there is not enough.

Dave's Evil, Barbaric, Inhumane Pro-spanking page
From 1995, Dave writes as a father about parental spanking, but some of his arguments probably have wider application.